2025 , Volume 30, № 3, p.37-46

This article addresses the interaction of seismic, acoustic and hydroacoustic conjugate heterogeneous geophysical fields. The research employs of the vibration method. One of the reason for considering the heterogeneous interactions of waves in geophysics is the data of field experiments observed by the authors. They prove that waves from various types of sources lead to the formation and simultaneous propagation of seismic acoustic and hydroacoustic waves. Seismic vibrators are considered as sources of wave fields. They simultaneously generate low-frequency seismic waves in the ground and acoustic waves in the atmosphere. Hydroacoustic waves are formed as a result of the seismic waves transformed at the bottom-water interface. The effects of the interaction of waves and the field are considered in experiments at ranges up to 100 km. The peculiarities of the structure of waves in the Earth, water, atmosphere and ice are studied.

Two paths are possible for long-distance propagation of seismoacoustic waves. The first path is near-surface propagation along the Earth’s surface with a maximum of transferred acoustic energy along the azimuthal direction in the direction of the wind. The other path is associated with the processes of propagation and reflection in the upper layers of the atmosphere. The long-range propagation of acoustic waves in the atmosphere is facilitated by the phenomenon of spatial focusing of waves and beam propagation in the upper atmosphere.

The structure of hydroacoustic waves on the example of the process of propagation in the water column of Lake Baikal is complicated by the presence of re-reflected waves caused by variations in hydrostatic pressure and temperature heterogeneity along the depth of the lake. It is mainly caused by the propagation of waves in water with the boundaries of “bottom–ice”. The propagation of elastic oscillations in ice on Lake Baikal is characterized by pronounced attenuation due to the strong cracking of the ice. A satisfactory result can be obtained in the monochromatic probing mode at individual frequencies and points of the ice area.