2026 , Volume 31, № 1, p.23-38

Context. The irradiation characteristics for the Earth’s surface and its latitudinal zones in tropical years and their parts can be precisely calculated based on NASA ephemerides, by accepting the Earth’s ellipsoidal form. Due to ephemerides, the long-term changes and short-term disturbances of the Earth’s orbital movement and rotation, caused by the Solar system bodies, are considered. The Earth’s atmosphere, relief, and tide deformations are not taken into account. The solar radiance intensity is assumed to be constant.

The main irradiation characteristics are: IrE — energy (J); IrSE — specific energy (J/m2); and IrI — intensity (W/m2). For previous calculations, the DE406 ephemerides were used by the authors. They formed the set of IrE for all 5-degrees latitudinal zones and all tropical months in the range of 3000 BC — AD 2999.

Purpose. The aim of this work is the revision of the calculation method: the use of DE441 ephemerides with extended time range; the division of the Earth’s surface into 1-degree latitudinal zones, and the tropical years up to tropical days; and additional calculations of IrSE and IrI.

Methodology. The precise and approximate formulas for calculations, description of the work stages and calculation errors are presented.

Findings. The authors conducted precise calculations of the irradiation characteristics for the surface and latitudinal zones of the Earth in tropical years and their parts for the interval of 9999 BC — AD 9998, with dating and durations of tropical years and their parts.

Value. The data can be used in irradiation blocks of physical-mathematical and neural network models of weather and climate.