2000 , Volume 5, Special issue, p.120-127

Macromolecular universal SYstems of SElf-Reproduction (sysers) exemplify the kernel structures of Molecular Genetic Regulatory Systems organization. The types of macromolecular assemblies variously composed are being considered. Moreover, an ability of such an assembly to be the kernel of a system's stable organization is estimated. The following criteria were evaluated: а) synthesis of macromolecules on a base of a template; b) catalysis of molecular processes; c) the presence of a syser; d) upper boundaries restricting the size of coding macromolecules and limiting the catastrophes of mutational and other losses; e) requirements for dynamical, structural, and evolutionary stability. It was shown that (i) ribozyme-replicase may be the basis for an RNA-assembly organization for a short time period and under restriction that the length of RNA fraction does not exceed that of a gene; (ii) syser RNA-protein may be the basis of organization of an assembly with the overall length up to RNA-virus genome; (iii) syser DNA-RNA-protein may serve as a basis of cellular organization with the huge reserves of evolutionary scenarios.